A Great Challenge: Preserve or Improve the Classification of the Journal Investigación y Educación en Enfermería

The first issue of the IEE Journal was published in September 1983 and it was the beginning of a permanent growth process for the dissemination of knowledge in Nursing, product of research, theoretical reflection, and exchange of care experiences. It was regulated by Agreement 027 of 02 August of 2005 by the Academic Council of the Faculty of Nursing at Universidad de Antioquia, which defines it as "the dissemination body, through which technical and scientific knowledge is disseminated referring to health and disease and to processes related with such, to the practice of Nursing and of other health and related disciplines. It also constitutes a channel to exchange knowledge and experiences with national and foreign disciplines of the social and health sciences".

Thoughts on improving comprehensive risk assessment method of occupational disease hazards of employers / 环境与职业医学

The National Disease Control and Prevention Bureau and the National Health Commission jointly issued an announcement on Notice on Carrying out Pilot Work of Occupational Health Classification Supervision and Law Enforcement, which presented a method of comprehensive risk assessment method of occupational disease hazards of employers. This method embraces relevant factors at full scale and is simple in operation, but its applicability and accuracy of assessment results need further practical study. Based on the steps of occupational health risk assessment and proven occupational health risk assessment methods available at home and abroad, this paper proposed improvements and discussed the comprehensive risk assessment method of occupational disease hazards of employers, so as to provide a technical basis to implement the occupational disease hazard classification management of employers for relevant government supervision departments.

Research progress in the mechanism of anti-atherosclerotic effect of berberine and its derivatives / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Atherosclerosis is usually the underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases. With the change in diet structure and living environment, it has become an increasingly serious global health problem, posing a huge challenge to public health. Berberine, also known as flavonidol, is an isoquinoline-type quaternary alkaloid with purgative and detoxifying effects. Berberine and its derivatives have antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and atherosclerosis prevention effects, etc. Recent research results showed that berberine and its derivatives can play an important role in atherosclerosis prevention through a hypolipidemic effect, anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory activity, improvement of vascular endothelial dysfunction, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. In this review paper, the research progress on the mechanism of action of berberine and its derivatives in the prevention of atherosclerosis was reviewed from the perspectives of a lipid-regulating effect, inhibition of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, improvement of vascular endothelial dysfunction, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. The aim of this paper is to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the occurrence of atherosclerosis, improving the clinical symptoms of patients, and further developing berberine-based drugs.

Research progress of cyclic peptide synthesis strategy and its application in new drug development / 药学学报

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) plays an important role in the regulation of life. Most of the PPI interfaces are large and discontinuous, and it is difficult for small molecules to specifically bind to them. Peptides are critical in PPI surface interactions due to their higher affinity and specificity. However, peptides have some defects such as easy hydrolysis by protease and poor membrane permeability. Due to good biocompatibility and chemical diversity, cyclic peptides play an important role in drug discovery. Therefore, the development of efficient cyclic peptide construction methods has become a frontier issue in peptide drug research. In recent years, a series of new progresses have been made in the synthesis strategy and the application of cyclic peptides, providing powerful technical tools for the research and development of cyclic peptide drugs. In this review, the synthesis strategies of cyclic peptides and their application will be reviewed from four aspects: synthesis strategies, property improvement, biological activity and prospect.

Thought on Improving Medical Students’ Strain Capacity in the Application of Ethics in Clinical Teaching / 中国医学伦理学

Improveing students’ strain capacity in the application of medical ethics is an important part of clinical teaching. This paper revealed the basic connotation of strain capacity in the application of medical ethics, emphasized the necessity for medical students to possess this quality, and emphatically expounded that training students in clinical teaching according to the five basic practical requirements of ethical adaptability. For practical problems, students’ ethical discrimination ability, ethical difficult problem handling ability, and comprehensive application ability of ethics and law should be improved according to practical requirements.

Investigation about the present status of renal replacement therapy in department of intensive care unit in Tianjin / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To understand the current state of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in intensive care unit (ICU) of Tianjin public hospital, and to provide scientific evidence and direction for homogenized management and overall level improvement of RRT in Tianjin.Methods:The questionnaires were distributed to the chief or key staff of 33 ICUs from 32 public hospitals in Tianjin by clinical quality control center for critical care medicine of Tianjin and ICU of Tianjin Third Central Hospital. The RRT data of ICUs from January 2020 to December 2021 was collected, including the type and size of ICU, the number of patients undergoing RRT, reasons for initiating RRT, the RRT modes, the anticoagulation and the complications of RRT and so on.Results:A total of 33 valid questionnaires were obtained, with a recovery rate of 100%. The result showed that there were 38 803 patients admitted to the selected ICUs during investigation, and 5 456 of them (14.06%) received RRT. In most ICUs, the reasons of initiating RRT were renal failure, sepsis and volume overload. The mode of RRT was mainly continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH), which was followed by continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Carbonate replacement fluid was the first choice. Heparin was the dominant anticoagulant, and there was an increasing trend in the use of citrate anticoagulation simultaneously. However, heparin-free anticoagulation used mostly in bleeding patients. Overall, the RRT modes and anticoagulation methods were single. Thrombosis was the main iatrogenic factor interrupting RRT in most ICUs, and also the reasons for complications related to catheter or circulation pipeline. It still showed an ineffective anticoagulation of RRT even after increasing the dosage of anticoagulants.Conclusions:RRT is an important organ support method in ICU, which has been widely carried out in ICUs of Tianjin and continues to expand. Despite the positive performance, it still needs to be improved and standarized in some aspects, such as the diversification of RRT modes, anticoagulation, and the complication prevention.

Estudantes de medicina e medicamentos: melhoramentos e outros usos / Medical students and medicines: improvements and other uses

A presente pesquisa tem por objeto as percepções de estudantes de medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior (IES) privada do interior do Estado do RJ em torno de substâncias ditas de uso para performance. Neste trabalho, elas são entendidas como substâncias, prescritas ou não, utilizadas para o propósito de melhorar alguma função cognitiva ou de humor. Investigamos como as ideias, valores, formação profissional em curso e condições materiais de acesso a medicamentos e outras substâncias colaboram na formação de práticas de uso de medicamentos (prescritos ou não), suplementos e/ou vitaminas por estudantes de medicina. A metodologia de pesquisa utilizada contou com dois procedimentos: 1) a aplicação de um questionário online para mapear os consumos terapêuticos de performance pelos estudantes; 2) entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade com estudantes que se voluntariaram a falar sobre suas experiências de uso. Como resultados encontrados, destacam-se práticas de uso de substâncias acionadas pelos estudantes de acordo com suas necessidades acadêmicas ou de vida

This research assumes aims to analyze the perceptions of medical students from a private higher education institution, located in the interior of the State of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), regarding substances used for performance. In this study, they are understood as substances, prescribed or not, used for the purpose of improving some cognitive function or mood. We investigated how ideas, values, ongoing professional training, and material conditions of access to medicines and other substances collaborate in the formation of practices for the use of medicines (prescribed or not), supplements and/or vitamins by medical students. The research methodology adopted was composed of two procedures: 1) the application of an online questionnaire to map the therapeutic consumption of performance by the students; 2) semi-structured interviews with students, who voluntarily talked about their experiences of use. Among the results found, there are practices of substance use triggered by students according to their academic or life needs.

Developing and prioritising strategies to improve the implementation of maternal healthcare guidelines in South Africa: The nominal group technique

Background: In South Africa, maternal healthcare guidelines are distributed to primary health care (PHC) facility for midwives to refer and implement during maternal healthcare services. Different training was offered for the use of maternal care guidelines. However, poor adherence and poor implementation of guidelines were discovered. Aim: This study aimed to develop and prioritise strategies to improve the implementation of maternal healthcare guidelines at PHC facilities of Limpopo province, South Africa. Method: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis and its matrix together with the nominal group technique were used to develop the current strategy. Midwives, maternal, assistant and operational managers from PHC facilities of the two selected district of the Limpopo province were selected. Criterion-based purposive sampling was used to select participants. Data collection and analysis involved the four steps used in the nominal group technique. Results: Strategies related to strengths and weaknesses such as human resources, maternal health services and knowledge deficit were identified. Opportunities and threats such as availability of guidelines, community involvement and quality assurance as factors that influenced the provision of maternal healthcare services were identified. Conclusion: Researchers formulated actions that could build on identified strengths, overcome weaknesses such as human resources, explore opportunities and mitigate the threats such as quality assurance

Construction and application effect of high quality scientific research management information platform based on combination of education and management in hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore a more efficient and standardized scientific research management mode, in order to enhance the best practice of conducting research, improve the agency and satisfaction of scientific research investigators, to improve the efficiency of scientific research management.Methods:According to the problems and deficiencies identified during the process of scientific research management, combined with the latest scientific research management policies and guidelines, the research and development concept of hospital scientific research management platform was formed, and tailored scientific research management information platform was developed by making good use of information technology.Results:After the application of the tailored scientific research management information platform, the efficiency of reimbursement and information access of scientific research personnel was significantly improved, with a significant difference.Conclusions:The construction of scientific research information platform based on the combination of education and management helps to achieve the goal of efficient, standardized and refined scientific research management.

Being Evaluator of Peer in Physiology Practical - Does it Improve Academic Performance of Students? – A Pilot Study

Introduction: In Physiology practical examination, studentsoften don’t realize what is lacking in their answers. Thispilot study makes students, the evaluator for their own peers,with guidance of key, helping them realize shortcomings inanswers of peers and in the process help to improve their ownperformance.Material and methods: Consenting first MBBS students atGovernment T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, attended thequestionnaire based sessions; 3 Pretests each for Haematologyand Clinical experiments. Ten questions were answered aspretest by students, key discussed by investigator, alongsidestudents evaluated answer papers of their peers, later evaluatedby teacher also. Post tests were conducted and evaluated byteacher alone.Results: The average Pretest scores of students remainedsignificantly higher than teacher, in spite of guidance usingprovided key with marks distribution (Paired t test, p<0.001). Different students had attended different sessions socomparisons for improvement from Pre test to Post test wereinconclusive. Depending on session attended by student,either initial (end of section) or later (end of study) Post testor average of both was taken as Post test score. This whencompared with Pretest score of Teacher/ Student, showed nosignificant improvement.Conclusion: Peer evaluation scores by student are higher,though under guidance. As same students did not attend allthe successive pretest sessions, actual comparisons wereinconclusive and the expected improvement was not seenin post test scores. So before and after comparison for eachsession, is recommended to pursue actual improvements insuch educational studies involving peer assisted learning.

Study on Formation Mechanism of National Drug Standards Based on Standard Investigation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dispensing Granules / 中国实验方剂学杂志

This paper, taking the formulation of national drug standards for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) dispensing granules as a case study, explores the improvement of the formation mechanism of national drug standards, and promotes the reform of streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services of national standards management, so as to release the vitality of the research and development of standards of drug manufacturers. After nearly two decades of pilot production of TCM dispensing granules, a large number of researches and discussions have been conducted on the formulation of unified standards of TCM dispensing granules from manufacturing enterprises to national standard administration departments, it was found that this work was difficult on the basis of the original drug standard formation mechanism. The authors tried to improve and innovate the formation mechanism of national drug standards, to provide methods and ideas for the formulation and unification of national standards for TCM dispensing granules, and to provide references for the formulation of other national drug standards.

Research Progress of Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix on Improving Renal Damage in Hypertension / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Hypertensive renal damage is one of the most serious complications of hypertension, and it is also the main cause of end-stage renal disease. Renal damage can further promote the rise of blood pressure and difficult to control, forming a vicious circle. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) considers that deficiency of the original and excess of the standard is its basic pathogenesis, and insufficient kidney-Qi and blood stasis are one of the most common syndromes of hypertensive kidney damage. Astragali Radix membranaceus is praised as the most important medicine for invigorating Qi, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix is likened to "four things with the same function". Based on the theory of invigorating Qi and activating blood circulation, the effective ingredients of Astragali Radix membranaceus-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix are mainly astragaloside, Astragali Radix polysaccharide, mulberry isoflavone, salvianolic acid and tanshinone. Many studies have shown that in the process of hypertensive kidney damage, Astragali Radix membranaceu Its active ingredients, whether effective monomers, monomer compatibility or direct compatibility of drug pairs, can regulate blood pressure, reduce urinary protein, protect renal tubules, protect glomerular filtration barrier, improve renal hemodynamics and protect renal function by regulating multiple signal transduction pathways related to hypertensive renal damage. Lowering blood pressure and protecting renal function are two pronged functions. Based on the theory of Invigorating Qi and activating blood circulation, this paper reviews the research progress of Astragali Radix-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix in the treatment of hypertensive renal damage, with a view to providing scientific basis for the further study and clinical application of Radix astragali-Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix in hypertensive renal damage.

Causes of postoperative fever in Chiari malformation type endoscope-assisted posterior fossa decompression and technological improvement / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the infectious and non-infectious factors of postoperative fever in patients with type posterior fossa decompression of Chiari malformation and to explore corresponding surgical improvement measures to reduce postoperative fever. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 14 patients with Chiari malformation type posterior fossa decompression treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University during March 2018 and March 2019. We compared the incidence of postoperative fever and hospitalization duration and cost between the two groups. Results: Among the 14 included patients, 7 of them were treated with the traditional suture technique, and all of them had postoperative epidural effusion and fever. Three of them were confirmed to have central nervous system infection. After application of our self-developed and innovative dural muscle suspension suture method on seven patients, no postoperative effusion and fever occurred. All the patients were cured and discharged from the hospital. Compared with the traditional suture group, the improved suture group had a lower hospitalization cost and shorter hospitalization time (P<0.050, P<0.050). Conclusion: Non-infectious factors, especially epidural effusion, may be the main cause of postoperative fever in patients with Chiari malformation type I posterior fossa decompression, which can be minimized by dural muscle suspension suture.

Reseña histórica sobre la gestión nacional del desarrollo del software educativo en la Educación Médica Superior en Cuba / Historix Review about the management of educative software in the Medical Education Higher in Cuba

El empleo del software educativo ha constituido una exigencia en las transformaciones que en la Educación Médica Superior (EMS) en Cuba han tenido lugar para perfeccionar el Proceso de Enseñanza Aprendizaje (PEA). Al respecto el trabajo expone las características más sobresalientes de las tres etapas por las que ha transitado su gestión nacional en cuanto a infraestructura, administración del ciclo de vida del software y gestión del conocimiento. Entre los métodos empíricos más empleados se destaca la observación participante, el análisis documental y la encuesta y entre los teóricos el histórico-lógico, análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo. Los resultados muestran que la gestión del Proceso de Desarrollo del Software Educativo (PDSE) ha constituido una necesidad histórica en el de cursar de la EMS y un proceso en continuo perfeccionamiento(AU)

Educational software has been a need in the transformations of medical superior education to make tuitional process perfect learning, work exposes the more outstanding characteristics of three stages that he has transited for his national steps as to infrastructure, administration of life cycle of the software and steps of knowledge. Enter empiric further methods used participating observation stands out, documentary analysis and the opinion poll and among the theorists the historic logician, analysis synthesis and inductive deductive. Aftermath evidence that the Educative Software Process Development steps has constituted a historic need in the EMS's in the time and a process in continuous perfecting(AU)

Coronary vessel intimal sequence extraction based on prior boundary constraints in optical coherence tomography image / 生物医学工程学杂志

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new technique applied in cardiovascular system. It can detect vessel intimal, small structure of plaque surface and discover small lesions with its high axial resolution and quantification character. Especially with the application of OCT in characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, diagnosis and treatment strategy making, optimizing percutaneous coronary intervention therapy and assessment after stent planting make the OCT become an efficient tool for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment. This paper presents a novel coronary vessel intimal sequence extraction method based on prior boundary constraints in OCT image. On the basis of conventional Chan-Vese model, we modified the evolutionary weight function to control the evolutionary rate of boundary by adding local information of boundary curve. At the same time, we added the gradient energy term and intimal boundary constraint term based on priori boundary condition to further control the evolutionary of boundary curve. At last, coronary vessel intimal is extracted in a sequence way. The comparison with vessel intimal, manual segmented by clinical scientists (golden standard), indicates that our coronary vessel intimal extraction method is robust to intimal boundary blur, distortion, guide wire shadow and plaque disturbs. The results of this study can be applied to clinical aid diagnosis and precise diagnosis and treatment.

Preventive and therapeutic mechanism of the herbal pair, Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma on dementia-like mice induced by D-galactose / 中成药

AIM To investigate the preventive effects of herbal pair,Scutellariae Radix and Coptidis Rhizoma (SC),on Alzheimer's disease (AD),and its mechanism of action.METHODS Dementia mice induced by 8-week s.i.d subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (100 mg/kg),were simultaneously given respective,intragastric administration of SC crude drug at doses of 5,10,20 g/kg,or piracetam support at 0.75 g/kg,and isometrical distilled water was applied to the mice of normal control group.The mice had their learning and memory abilities checked by Morris water maze at intervals of four weeks and eight weeks since the start of the trial,and their blood and brain tissue biochemical indices measured at the end of the test.RESULTS Significantly shortened latent period in place navigation test and the time of enter into the original platform in the space exploration test were observed in the mice treated with 4-week D-galactose and SC (P ＜0.05 或 P ＜0.01).The 8-week intervention demonstrated SC capacity in the significant promotion of T-SOD activity,decreased blood MDA levels (P ＜ 0.01)and the brain AchE levels,and increased brain GSH-Px activity (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION SC increases the concentration of acetylcholine in brain tissue and protects the central nervous tissue under oxidative stress,highlighting its therapeutic effect on AD.

Impact of medical diagnostic data quality on diagnosis-related groups / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To regulate standardized ICD-10 case classification name and coding,and common clinical diagnosis name or expression of mapping rules,to systematically improve the quality of DRGs key data,and to assess the impact of medical diagnostic data quality on DRGs and the indicators based on the DRGs.Methods Extension of the glossaries of clinical diagnosis synonyms or near-synonyms,and establishment of a standardized maintenance procedure of ICD-10 dictionary.Adjustment of the impact extent of DRGs disease makeup on case classification,comparison of the consistency of principal diagnosis classification,and the consistency of DRGs grouping,as well as changes of such indicators as DRGs grouping reduction in variance (RIV) and case mix index (CMI).Results Data of the obstetrics,gynecology and pediatrics disciplines of a maternity and children hospital from 2012 to 2013 (72 005 cases)and 2014 to 2015 (77 705 cases) were chosen for prior-after comparison.The encoding consistency rate was 59.60％ before the improvement,with the improved standardized consistency rate rising to 66.38％afterwards;beforehand the DRGs grouping consistency rate was 69.30％,with the improved standardized consistency rate rising to 88.00％ afterwards;beforehand the cost RIV was 0.515,with the cost RIV rising to 0.576 afterwards;the CMI variations of individual campuses of healthcare institutions appear more reasonable.Conclusions Diagnostic quality control and improvement project can improve the data accuracy of coding.This empowers the RIV and CMI indexes calculated on such basis to better describe the complexity of clinical settings,conducive to establishing a value-oriented prepayment system which is more transparent,fair and reasonable.

Pharmacodynamics study on Paris vietnamensis / 中国中药杂志

Paris is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and its resource is in shortage, a variety of related plants are acquired as Paris. This study compared pharmacological activity in anti-inflammatory and hemostatic and blood rheology of P. vietnamensis with pharmacopoeial Paridis Rhizoma to expand its range of Paris medicinal resources and protect wild resources of Paris and meet market demand. The experimental study showed that P. vietnamensis and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis had anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effect and improved blood rheolog. They can significantly inhibit rat foot swelling induced by carrageenan and short the bleeding time and clotting time and reduce the blood viscosity in rats with acute blood stasis model, P. vietnamensis and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis can inhibit mice capillary permeability induced by acetic acid.

La Universidad y la Ética, un Compromiso / The University and Ethics, a Commitment

Proponemos ver nuevamente a la Universidad de calidad como una institución ante todo social, formada por personas que bus-can la verdad en el marco de la moral y rigurosidad, capaces de argumentar, dialogar y deliberar, ausente de los dogmatismos, inmune ante los fundamentalismos; con espacio para el desarrollo personal en el marco del respeto, del reconocimiento de las capacidades así como de los límites.

We propose to see again to the University of quality as an institution based on social fundaments, formed by people who seek the truth within the framework of morality and rigor, who are able to argue, discuss and deliberate, absent of dogmatism, immune to fundamentalism; with space for personal development within the framework of respect, recognition of skills and limits.

"The assessment and analysis of the graduation papers of ""3+2"" assistant general practitioners training ""comprehensive clinical course""" / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective Based on the objective test (A type) results of the 2014 comprehensive clinical course graduation test of 3+2 assistant general practitioners training,this article analyzed the differences between different teaching units,so as to provide objective basis for improving the teaching level of each unit.Method We established a database with EXCEL 2000,and put each question's ID and points,and the score of each student into the computer,so we could get the difficulty coefficient,distinction degree and reliability of the test paper,and calculate the difficulty coefficient and difference of each question.Then we analyzed the difficulty coefficient,the difference and the reliability of the 122 students' testing results,and compared the accuracy to the same question of the 6 teaching units.Result The objective test's (A type) difficulty coefficient is 0.77,distinction degree is 0.19,and reliability is 0.99.The highest score of the 122 students is 47 points,and the lowest score is 28 points,the average score is (38.5 ± 3.9) points.In the 50 questions,3 questions' difficulty coefficient is less than 0.4,14 questions' difficulty coefficient is between 0.4-0.7,33 questions' difficulty coefficient is above 0.7,so the difficulty degree of the paper is relatively low.In the 50 questions,23 questions' distinction degree is less than 0.15,17 questions' distinction degree is between 0.15-0.30,10 questions' distinction degree is above 0.30,so the distinction degree of the paper is relatively high.In the 50 questions,20 questions' accuracy appears larger differences between each unit:9 questions' accuracy has decreased significantly among 1-2 units,4 questions' accuracy decreased significantly among 3 units,3 questions' accuracy decreased significantly among 4 units,only 1 unit has high accuracy among 2 questions,and 2 questions' accuracy decreased significantly among all units.These problems are related to the teachers' teaching ability,the difficulty in mastering the key points of the curriculum,the lack of the concept of the general practitioners training.Conclusion The design of the examination paper is basically in line with the study purpose and the objectives of the training course.This examination paper was highly reliable,and suitable for the professional theory and ability test.There are site differences between each unit,which can provide an objective basis for improving the teaching level of different teaching unit,and we will solve the problems in the form of collective preparation next step.